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Facilitation in the nervous system primarily impacts the strength of response during neurotransmission. This phenomenon occurs when consecutive signals increase the likelihood of a strong postsynaptic response. When a neuron is repeatedly stimulated, the cumulative effect can enhance the response, leading to a greater release of neurotransmitters at synapses. This increased strength of response is significant because it allows for more effective communication between neurons, which is crucial in various physiological processes, including learning and memory.

The other aspects mentioned, such as frequency of transmission, duration of synaptic effect, and distribution of synapses, play important roles in neurotransmission but are not directly influenced by the mechanism of facilitation. Frequency refers to how often signals are sent rather than the response strength, duration relates to how long the synaptic effects last after neurotransmitter release, and distribution is about where synapses are located rather than how strong the connection is. Thus, facilitation is fundamentally associated with enhancing the efficacy of synaptic transmission through increased response strength rather than altering any of these other dynamics.