National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Practice Test

What is a common complication associated with Cushing's Syndrome?

1. Hypopituitarism

2. Adrenal insufficiency

3. Diabetes mellitus

4. Osteoporosis

The correct answer is: Hypopituitarism

In the context of Cushing's Syndrome, one common complication is osteoporosis. This condition arises primarily due to prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cortisol, which is characteristic of Cushing's Syndrome. Cortisol has a catabolic effect on bone tissue, leading to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. As a result, patients with Cushing's are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis, which can manifest as decreased bone density and an increased propensity for fractures. While other complications like hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus can be associated with adrenal disorders or pituitary dysfunction, they are not the most direct outcome of Cushing's Syndrome itself. Diabetes mellitus can indeed occur as a secondary effect due to insulin resistance from high cortisol levels; however, osteoporosis remains a more prevalent and direct complication resulting from the condition’s effects on bone metabolism. This highlights the importance of monitoring bone health in patients diagnosed with or treated for Cushing's Syndrome.