National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Practice Test

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Which of these in an infant indicates a critical condition that necessitates immediate care?

Low birth weight
Persistent crying
Extreme lethargy
Skin rashes

The correct answer is: Extreme lethargy

Extreme lethargy in an infant is a significant indicator of a critical condition that requires immediate care. This symptom can suggest underlying issues such as infections, metabolic disorders, or central nervous system problems that may pose serious risks to the infant's health. Unlike the other options, extreme lethargy reflects a potential failure to thrive and may indicate that the infant is not responding adequately to environmental stimuli, which can be life-threatening. In contrast, low birth weight may be a concern and could lead to health complications, but it is not necessarily an immediate indicator of a critical condition on its own. Persistent crying can be a sign of discomfort or other non-life-threatening issues such as colic. Skin rashes, while they can indicate various dermatological conditions, do not always signal a critical state and may be manageable with appropriate medical attention. Therefore, recognizing extreme lethargy as an urgent symptom is crucial for timely intervention and treatment.